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The roots of Qawwali can be traced back to 8th century Persia, however, Qawwali in the form we know it today was essentially created by Amir Khusrau in the late 13th century.ĭuring the first major migration from Persia, in the 11th century, the musical tradition of Sama migrated to South Asia, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Listeners, and often artists themselves are transported to a state of wajad, a trance-like state where they feel at one with God, generally considered to be the height of spiritual ecstasy in Sufism. Qawwali music received international exposure through the work of the late Aziz Mian, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and sabri brothers, largely due to several releases on the Real World label, followed by live appearances at WOMAD festivals. Originally performed mainly at Sufi shrines throughout the subcontinent, it has also gained mainstream popularity. Qawwali is a vibrant musical tradition that stretches back more than 700 years. Qawwali (Urdu: قوٌالی) is the devotional music of the Chishti Sufis. Sufi- Qawwali artist Abida Parveen in concert Most Ghazal singers are trained in classical music and sing in either Khyal or Thumri. Although the ghazal is most prominently a form of Urdu poetry, today, it has influenced the poetry of many languages. Exotic to the region, as is indicated by the very sounds of the name itself when properly pronounced as ġazal. The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century under the influence of the new Islamic Sultanate courts and Sufi mystics. It is considered by many to be one of the principal poetic forms the Persian civilization offered to the eastern Islamic world. In its style and content it is a genre which has proved capable of an extraordinary variety of expression around its central theme of love and separation. The structural requirements of the ghazal are more stringent than those of most poetic forms traditionally written in English. The form is ancient, originating in 10th century Persian verse. A ghazal can thus be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. Ghazals are traditionally expressions of love, separation and loneliness, for which the gazelle is an appropriate image.

The animal is called Ghizaal, from which the English word gazelles stems, or Kastori haran (where haran refers to deer) in Urdu. Etymologically, the word literally refers to 'the mortal cry of a gazelle'. In poetry, the ghazal (Persian: غزل Turkish: gazel) is a poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain. Some of the famous schools (Gharana) are: A recent is, Khayal Darpan, traces the development of classical music in Pakistan since 1947. It is traditional for performers who have reached a distinguished level of achievement, to be awarded titles of Ustad.Ī gharana is a system of social organization or school linking musicians or dancers by lineage and/or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style. Performances are usually marked by considerable improvisation within these norms. In addition each raga has its natural register (Ambit) and glissando (Meend) rules, as well as features specific to different styles and compositions within the raga structure. Other characteristics include King and Queen notes and a unique note phrase (Pakad). The performance is set to a melodic pattern (raag) characterized in part by specific ascent and descent. Unlike the 12-note scale in Western music, the base frequency of the scale is not fixed, and intertonal gaps (temper) may also vary however with the gradual replacement of the sarangi by the harmonium, an equal tempered scale is increasingly used. South Asian classical music has 7 basic notes (Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni), with five interspersed half-notes, resulting in a 12-note scale. With the multiple influences, Pakistani music has emerged as a 'fusion' of many other types of sounds together to form a distinctly Pakistani sound. The Music of Pakistan includes diverse elements ranging from music from other parts of South Asia as well as Central Asian folk music, Persian music, Turkish music, Arabic music as well as more modern American music influences. Music festivals All Pakistan Music Conference

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